Literature Review of Bank Efficiency Essay

Estimating the proficiency and profitability of banking firms has been assuming a transcendent job in helping administrators or controllers to accomplish a superior comprehension of the achievement or disappointment of strategy methodologies and settle on better choices. Moreover, the assessment consequences of productivity are likewise vital to stock proprietors, contributors and financial specialists. The impact of proprietorship on cost and benefit efficiencies The circumstance is comparative experiencing significant change nations. Bonin et al. 2005) examined 11 change nations and guaranteed that private proprietorship was not adequate to build bank proficiency as they didn't discover enough proof to demonstrate that private possessed banks are more productive than government claimed banks, which is steady with Altunbas’s ends. Also, Bonin et al. (2005) likewise discovered proof that outside claimed banks, particularly those with key proprietors, were related with more noteworthy cost proficiency and better administrations. Interestingly with the Bonin’s perspectives, Lensink et al. (2008) recommended that regularly the remote possessed banks would in general show hindrances in bank effectiveness. In any case, to what in particular broaden the announcement is genuine is related with the host and home nation conditions. The primary factor to be referenced is the nature of the nation of origin administration: the outside possessed banks end up operating all the more productively if the foundations in the home district are with higher caliber. Another noteworthy component to be represented is the impact of separation: the littler establishment separations between the host and home districts, the more noteworthy the productivity of the remote possessed banks. The end that high similitudes between the host and home nation foundations would decrease remote bank wastefulness is the third component to be noted.

What Does A Relationship Do For An Individual Every Relationship Betw

What does a relationship accomplish for a person? Each connection between a male and female change their present status. Having a relationship influenced me from multiple points of view in which some are acceptable and some terrible. The great and terrible sides to having a relationship are lower grades, need of more cash, however a superior public activity. One of the principle reasons why understudies get lower grades are because of connections. Having the option to stay in contact with the one you have affections for removes time from your schoolwork andother things you may need to achieve. A few understudies might have the option to get their needs straight and remain on track however its profoundly improbable. Your homwork accumulates gradually and you won't notice it until the day preceding all the work is expected! That'swhen you'll understand you're behind, yet by then it's past the point of no return. Cash is a key factor to a relationship in light of the fact that in a relationship each couple needs to do things togetherlike watch a film, have supper, or get him/her a blessing. You might have the option to remain on target in school, have high evaluations, and so on however the fact of the matter is its better when you have a relationship than not having one. All things considered, for a great many people in any case. One thing without a doubt is that you'll have a superior public activity. You'll have somebody to converse with when you have issues and somebody to incline toward She can be an extraordinary solace to you if the individual really thinks about you. In case you're going out with an individual becausethe individual simply has a decent physical appearance, than you probably won't have that extravagance, however it is an extraordinary accommodation for the vast majority. I trust this has educated everybody that read this about the great and terrible sides to having a relationship. There are numerous different motivations to a relationship, yet these are the primary three things to it, at any rate for me in any case. My recommendation to everybody is, hold up until you're out of school on the off chance that you need a decent future, since it can truly destroy your evaluations, yet on the off chance that you're willing to be constant and can live with less rest, at that point by all means......start a relationship. At any rate, one that will last.

Wedding Day free essay sample

Everything happened rapidly from the second I was locked in to the second we strolled around the sacrosanct hover on my big day. The wedding was assembled in just ten days. I went through those ten days with my life partner and my future parents in law becoming acquainted with one another. We invested energy visiting sanctuaries and shopping in anticipation of the wedding. We shopped coordinating wedding dress. Our wedding dress was red and white shading. I additionally invested quite a bit of that energy with my family and numerous family members from out of the town. I met such a large number of individuals. There were more than 2000 individuals that go to our multi day wedding services. Nearly everybody from our families to our companions celebrated. On that day I was exceptionally apprehensive to go front of my life partner yet within my heart, I was cheerful. I was going to begin my new life. Not exclusively were a large number of dreams working out as expected, yet in addition I was satisfying my father’s trusts. We will compose a custom exposition test on Wedding Day or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He likewise wanted that I settle in the United States for a superior life. I will consistently recall the delight in my father’s eyes that day. While I was having a great time, a piece of me was both miserable and dreadful. I was baffled my more seasoned sibling couldn't go to the greatest day of my life. He was living abroad and couldn't make the outing back in light of movement issues. I was additionally dismal in light of the fact that I understood that I would need to leave for the US. I had consistently lived in our little town for as long as I can remember. It implied that I was deserting my life. I needed to leave my family, companions, and family members. It was exceptionally hard for me to get together my life into two bags. I didn’t even know when I will come and see my loved ones once more. I was likewise somewhat frightened to begin my new existence with my better half. I had just known him for a brief timeframe and his relatives. With anything new, there is consistently dread of the obscure. All that I knew was going to change. For instance, new relatives, new jobs as spouse, language, way of life and furthermore new nation. I even needed to find out about the new culture. I didn’t cried a lot of when I was leaving my loved ones on my wedding night than I cried when the last day came to going the air terminal and coming in the United States. I had cried a bundle when I left my nation. On the opposite side, I was amped up for going to the United States. It would be a start of new section of my life. Prior to coming into the United States, I had just perceived how life would be on TV. I am exceptionally grateful to my parent. They are the person who consider my better future in the United States. I couldn’t stand by to see all the stunning things United States is well known for like the sculpture of freedom, space focus, and Disney world. I was exceptionally excited about gathering new individuals, making new companions, and attempting new food. I was additionally on edge to begin my wedded life. I needed to be an ideal spouse. I anticipate dealing with my significant other and his family, for example, cooking, cleaning, and furthermore help with some different works. I was eager to meet his all loved ones companions. My big day was everything that had concocted. I experienced numerous feelings, for example, satisfaction, pity, and fervor. I have learned not to fear the obscure. Rather, I should grasp new chances. I keep on accepting that things consistently come out generally advantageous. I feel extremely favor forever. For my better life, I am appreciative to my parent. At long last, it has been a generally vital and groundbreaking occasion of my life.

Loving Ones Self essays

Cherishing One's Self papers At some point, my companion Samantha and I were strolling through a shopping center. I had quite recently turned 17, and my grandparents sent me some birthday cash to spend. Samantha and I went out on the town to shop that day. We entered different stores, either buying or simply looking around. We conveyed packs of buys all through stores, yet at this shopping center they had an approach that I had never known about. At the point when we entered stores, we needed to put our sacks of buys from different stores behind the counter of the clerk. Sam and I were amazed at this. We asked the workers at each store for what reason we should do this, uncertain of this arrangement. They by and large us something very similar, store strategy. We did as we were asked and kept on strolling around the store. We saw different gatherings of children our age come in, and something very similar was done also. As the entirety of this was going on, two grown-ups, more established than us, bound to be in their thirties, strolled in however they wanted. They grasped their packs the entire time they were in the store, no inquiries posed. Numerous grown-ups strolled in without an issue. I couldnt comprehend what the importance of this was. Much to my dismay I was confronting a social abuse I was ignorant of called adultism. Adultism is the persecution of youngsters that occurs from the day they are conceived. It depends on age and is introduced by the perspectives of grown-ups who encompass youngsters, for example, instructors and guardians. Adultism can result, or be communicated through numerous things, for example, generalizing youthful grown-ups as lethargic, mean, furious, and senseless, excluding youngsters into choices made at home and in the study hall, and the disappointment of supporting youthful grown-ups improvement by not being a positive impact or investing effort to converse with us and see what is happening in our lives today. Memmis hypothesis of prejudice can be applied to adultism also. There are numerous circumstances wherein individuals face similar preferences for being youthful grown-ups tha... <!

Review of Movie 'Inside Job' Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of 'Inside Job' - Movie Review Example Credit organizations and banks turned out to be all the more allowed to bet with the cash of the contributors, get significantly more cash and to offer the speculators exceptionally complex money related structures. They offered monetary instruments which had floods of salary from various packaged up obligations this incorporated the high intrigue home credits that the high hazard borrowers were advertised. Theories sub-prime markets offered strangely exceptional yields. A lawful investigation of the film records the misrepresentation executed by venture banks and their job in causing the 2008 worldwide money related emergency (Ferguson). Misrepresentation alludes to a bogus portrayal of a truthful issue whether by lead or words, by deluding or bogus charges or by stowing away of what ought to have been uncovered. Misrepresentation is pervasive in the purchasing or selling of elusive property, for example, stocks, copyrights, and bonds. Misrepresentation is demonstrated however five phases; an adulterated articulation of a material actuality. Furthermore, the information on the litigants part that the announcement is false. Third, goal on the defendant’s part to hoodwink the person in question. Fourth, the victim’s reasonable dependence on the misrepresented proclamation and the last stage is injury to the person in question. The film ‘inside job’ uncovers occasions of Fraud as talked about in the section underneath. The film ‘inside job’ uncovers that Goldman Sachs, a speculation organization, was liable of misrepresentation. The organization prescribed their clients to go for the Timberwolf contracts asserting that they were supported with protections. They strongly prescribed the clients to take the arrangement yet they mindful of the provisos. They subtly talked about that Timberwolf was a faltering arrangement however this was after they offered the protections to them. When selling the protections they lied about the normal exhibitions and the protections and neglected to uncover and give precise and auspicious data about the genuine estimation of the said protections. The organization was wagering against

Book Riots Deals of the Day for February 27th, 2019

Book Riots Deals of the Day for February 27th, 2019 Sponsored by our giveaway of $100 to Amazon in support of Swords and Spaceships, our sci-fi/fantasy newsletter! These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while they’re hot! Todays  Featured Deals The James Beard Cookbook by James Beard for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Woman Last Seen in Her Thirties by Camille Pagán for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Taste for Temptation  by Phyllis Bourne for $0.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals 2666: A Novel by Roberto Bolaño for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. A Cupboard Full of Coats: A Novel by Yvvette Edwards for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Previous daily deals that are still active (as of this writing at least). Get em while theyre hot. 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The GRE Verbal Section Where to Start

The GRE verbal section can be incredibly daunting, even for native English speakers fresh out of college. For those students who are non-native speakers, or for those who have been out of college for awhile and typically don’t pepper their leisure reading with academic writing, the vocabulary and reading on the GRE verbal section can seem like an entirely different language. A good place to start With everything that is challenging, patience and perseverance are a must. And like any arduous journey, knowing where to start is key. First off, pick up a copy of the Official Guide to the GRE by ETS. Do a few of the practice sets and know where you stand. If you are struggling with some of the easy questions, your plan of attack is going to be different from than if you do moderately well even on the tough questions. Below is some verbal study help that, depending on your level, will aid you in gaining a good grasp of the GRE. For beginners The GRE verbal section ultimately tests your ability to understand complex syntactical structure, vocabulary employed stylistically, and nuanced information packed into a few paragraphs. If you are not a â€Å"reading person†, or if English is not your first language, oftentimes the first step is read voraciously. That’s right – don’t just pick up a copy of the Official Guide. For recommended GRE reading, look no further than nytimes.com (the online version of the New York Times). Start reading voraciously, typically from the extended articles (the weekend section is excellent). Write down words or phrases you do not know. At first doing so may seem overwhelming but over time you will begin to recognize more and more words. What this process is doing is â€Å"turning on† your reading brain. By that I mean, you will start to pick up on the complex sentence structures found on the GRE. Simply opening a GRE prep guide and jumping into the treacherous syntactical waters of a three-blank Text Completion will only dishearten you. By reading from respected sources such nytimes.com (The New Yorker, The Atlantic Monthly, and aldaily.com also jump to mind), you will be more prepared for the GRE verbal section. At the same time GRE prep consists of a lot more than sitting back with a latte and opening up the New York Times. How much effort you put in with each reading depends on your study schedule, of course. Let’s just say if you’re down to the wire, you won’t be doing much latte sipping. There are still plenty of good GRE study schedules for you, of course. For more advanced students Even if you are answering many of the medium-level questions correctly, getting a really good grasp of the GRE verbal section will take some time. For one, much of the GRE vocabulary consists of words that you don’t necessarily encounter in everyday collegiate. And trying to guess the meaning of a word like ‘recondite’, based only on roots and sound of a word, is most likely going to backfire (‘recondite’, by the way, means little known, and usually refers to an obscure subject). Learning words as you read the New York Times, etc. is a good idea. You will also want to scour the many word lists out there, learning the words you don’t know. You will also want to dive right into practice sessions of the GRE. Taking practice tests from Manhattan GRE or Magoosh is also a good idea. For both intermediate and beginner levels, a great GRE vocabulary guide PDF is Magoosh’s vocabulary ebook, created in part by yours truly. You will learn high-frequency words with straightforward definitions. An example sentence will accompany most words, so you can get a sense of a word’s usage. Well what are you doing still here? Time to start studying for GRE verbal! //

Similarities And Similarities Between To Kill A...

Comparison/Contrast of To Kill a Mockingbird and A Time to Kill The films To Kill a Mockingbird and A Time to Kill are easily comparable. From the titles to the actual contents, it is not difficult to understand why one would see them as similar. However, there are as many differences as there are similarities within the movies. I will be discussing and describing both the similarities and differences between the films. To begin, there is one extremely prominent similarity that is immediately noticeable: Both films are presenting the stories of two black men on trial with white lawyers. The men in question are Tom Robinson, charged with the crime of beating and raping a white woman, and Carl Lee Hailey, charged with†¦show more content†¦As you have likely realized, the differences begin to overlap the similarities towards the ends of both movies. Although the plots and concepts of To Kill a Mockingbird and A Time to Kill are alike, I believe A Time to Kill to be a superior film. For example, in the movie, the story was handled and presented more effectively; there was an obvious effort put into making the story one that would hit the audience hard, it was not rushed and messy, and, in general, it was developed much better. While watching the movie adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird, I did not feel the fondness I felt for the characters while reading the novel. As I stated prior, I found the film was rushing through the story. The trial originally took up many pages in the book, but, in the movie, it seemed to go by very quickly. Plenty of details were left out as well; Alexandra Finch, Atticus’ sister, played a large role in the children’s lives in the book. In the movie, though, she was nowhere to be seen. This is just one of many things that have been left out that were important to the novel. In general, A Time to Kill is a better made film with a higher budget and dramatic storytelling. To Kill a Mockingbird was certainly not an awful movie, per se, but, if you were to ask my opinion, the attempt to pull at the heartstrings the way the novel did was a rather fruitless one. To conclude, the novel To Kill a Mockingbird and the film A Time to Kill were and willShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between the Scottsboro Boys and Tom Robinson Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many similarities between the Scottsboro trial and the trial of Tom Robinson in the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. â€Å"No crime in American history—let alone a crime that never occurred—produced as many trials, convictions, reversals, and retrials as did an alleged gang rape of two white girls by nine black teenagers on a Southern railroad freight run on March 25, 1931† (Linder 1). The author of To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee, was a young girl during the Scottsboro trial and based theRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird and A Time to Kill: Similarities and Differences818 Words   |  4 PagesA Time to Kill and To Kill a Mockingbird both have a number of similarities to be compared and contrasted. Both stories can be compared in their themes about justice and racia l prejudice. However, this is where the similarities end. The themes and ideas in both novels are vastly different in shape and scope. In A Time to Kill justice is the main theme and most of the ideas are focused on justice and the gray in between the lines of black and white set by the law, racial prejudice is also touchedRead MoreKill A Mockingbird And The Secret Life Of Bees1711 Words   |  7 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird and The Secret Life of Bees By: Pawanpreet Mundi Every novel in the English literature has similarities and differences to another. The comparison between the novels is judged from topics such as the setting, laws, characters and daily living. The novel, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee has many similarities and differences with the novel, The Secret Life of Bees by Sue Monk Kidd. Both novels are comparative as the characters in the books, their relationships and communityRead MoreHarper Lee862 Words   |  4 PagesAshley Ewing Dr. Cohoon Literary Heritage 18 February 2013 Essay One Southern Parallels: An Exploration of the Life of Harper Lee and the Lasting Impact of To Kill A Mockingbird Harper Lee is considered one of America’s most enigmatic and influential writers of the twentieth century. Lee’s popular novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, offers readers deep insight into the dynamics of an unconventional family and Southern lifestyle in the1930s. Harper Lee was born Nelle Harper Lee on April 28, 1926, inRead MoreComparison on the Movie and the Book To Kill a Mockingbird Essay847 Words   |  4 PagesAs most everyone knows, there are differences between a book and it’s movie adaptation. This is applicable to the book and it’s movie counterpart To Kill a Mockingbird, as well. But aside from the differences, there are also similarities between these two. The similarities are quite apparent, the movie plot mainly follows the basic plot that the book took, leaving the viewer’s with a sense of accomplishment, as this is sometimes not achieved in the highest degree. Scout still has a brother, JemRead MoreSimilarities Between To Kill A Mockingbird And To Kill A Mockingbird936 Words   |  4 Pagesthis point of view. To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee was published in 1960 and is recognized as a timeless classic in American literature. Since the book was published, it has inspired many people to write stories and direct movies similar to this classic. A story containing many similarities is A Time To Kill, a 1988 novel written by John Grisham, and a 1996 movie directed by Joel Schumacher. John Grisham stated that To Kill A Mockingbird greatly influenced A Time To Kill. Although some importantRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Analysis1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Influence of Setting on Themes and Events in To Kill A Mockingbir d Vs. A Time to Kill A setting is used in literature to highlight the major themes and also shape the events of the narration. Though set in different time periods, the settings of To Kill a Mockingbird by Lee Harper and A Time to Kill by Joel Schumacher serves to reinforce various themes that highlight various aspects of American history. Racial segregation and issues associated with it such as the lifestyle of the Southern stateRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1491 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee’s ​ To Kill a Mockingbird ​ is a critically acclaimed, Pulitzer Prize winning novel that instantly attained its position as one of the greatest literary classics (Editors).The story of Scout Finch’s childhood has become one of the most notable narratives that addresses controversial issues present in the early 20th century. Lee’s novel depicts themes of race, justice, and innocence throughout the novel. Although ​ To Kill a Mockingbird​ is regarded as a literary masterpiece in AmericanRead More Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird and the Scottsboro Case Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird and the Scottsboro Case On March 25 1931 a group of nine boys were charged with raping two girls aboard a train traveling from Paint Rock Alabama across the state’s border. The trial of these boys had become collectively known as the Scottsboro case. Several years later Harper Lee wrote her famous novel To Kill a Mockingbird. In this story a young male Tom Robinson is charged with raping a white female. It is by understanding the parallel between Tom Robinson’sRead MoreSimilarities And Similarities Between Tom Robinson And Scottsboro Boys892 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee, the author of To Kill a Mockingbird, based her book off the Scottsboro trial, a great American Tragedy. There are many similarities between the two -   from setting, the accused, the defendants, and the cases themselves.   When you delve a little deeper, these two stories, fiction and nonfiction, are greatly intertwined.    For example, one similarity was the setting of the two events.   Both happened in the Great Depression which started in 1929 and the real events took place in the 1930†s

Power Of The Producers By Enrico Mattei - 1492 Words

In the second half of the 20th century, as a syndicate Western oil companies came to supply more and more of the worlds oil, they also quietly came to dictate the price. The power these companies wielded as a result, was immense, and some individual disagreed as to whether these companies should have such power. Despite the abundance of critics, there were only a few figures who developed enough valor to take action against this inequity. In the 6th installment of The Prize titled, â€Å"Power to the Producers,† we follow the lives of a few men who contradicted the authority of the major players in the oil industry. In the 1950’s, in an attempt to slowly reintroduce Iranian oil back into the market, following an international embargo on the†¦show more content†¦He grew up in a poverty stricken Italy and came to fight in WWII on the Partisan side against the faciests (and Mussolini). Following the end of the war, he was put in charge of AGIP, a failing Italian national oil company. Mattei was a natural leader and following the discovery of large quantities of oil in northern Italy (despite drilling for oil) he managed to grow AGIP into a successful company. As the company grew to prominence, even major oil corporations began to see it as a threat and many time over Mattei was offered blank check for AGIP, to which he stubbornly refused. Mattei was a clever individual and understood that if he didn’t expand his company rapidly, the â€Å"Seven Sisters† would soon enter his native Italy, and using their own resources, outcompete him (in an effort to get rid of him). Determined to not let that happen, AGIP began a campaign of aggressive expansion, most of the time without the necessary permits. Mattei also used his position as a government agent (his company was national property after all) to conduct exclusive business ventures between other government leaders. It was through these governments to government dealings, that Mattei came across, Gamal Abdel Nasser, an Egyptian nationalist who would become one of his greatest allies. Nasser had recently become the leader of Egypt having staged a successful

Borderline Personality Disorder in the Film Single White...

Borderline White Female Without any dispute, the 1992 feature film Single White Female is an excellent example of a psychological thriller, which it was initially touted as and seemingly confirmed by grossing several million dollars. However, the one particular aspect of this film that truly confirms to the label of psychological is the characterization of Hedy Carlson, who functions extremely well as a case study for Borderline Personality Disorder. By definition, Borderline Personality Disorder is a condition in which someone exhibits A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts ¦ (APA 2000). A fairly comprehensive examination of Hedys actions and personality within Single White Female lends credible evidence that she is in fact suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder, and also alludes to forms of treatment that may be of assistance in any attempts to counte ract the effects of this condition. Although there are nine criteria that are used in determining whether or not a particular individual is afflicted with Borderline Personality Disorder, such a person need only adhere to five of these conventions in order for such a diagnosis to apply. One of the principle facets of Hedys personality is that she suffers from a feeling of loneliness which she attributes to the death of her twin sister early on in her life. ThisShow MoreRelatedDiagnosis of Fatal Attraction Essay2194 Words   |  9 Pagesis the name of the movie you watched? For this assignment, I watched â€Å"Fatal Attraction.† 2. Describe the demographics of the character of â€Å"patient† that you are evaluating. Alex Forrest was the patient in this movie. She is a white female in her 40’s. She is single and works as an editor for a publishing company, however she is not shown working after the beginning of the movie. 3. Summarize the plot of the movie. As the movie begins, Dan and his wife, Beth, go to a company party when heRead MoreThe Bechdel Test And The Duvernay Test, White Men And Their Stories Dominate Film2510 Words   |  11 PagesAs evidenced by the poignancy of the Bechdel Test and the DuVernay Test, white men and their stories dominate film. The problem, of course, that arises from such a whitewashed male perspective is that the valid and worthwhile stories of other groups of people are pushed aside, often as a means of plot progression for white male protagonists. Add mental illness to the mix. 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Smoking is Ilegal, Should It Continue to be - 514 Words

There are debates around the world between people and government if smoking should be legalized. There are private organizations that protest against the government about how smoking can kill people and how dangerous it is as it could harm the young generation. Today, there are thousands young of teenager who smoke illegally. This could cause the future generation of teenager in danger by the bad influence of smoking. The cause why the number of smoker is increasing every year is because they are either influence by their friends or to show their cool image. In certain countries, cigarette companies promote their brand by showing that smoking is cool. The images that is used for advertising actually target the youth. The reason why smoking is targeted to the youth is because youths are easily brainwashed by images. The images show a guy holding cigarette and posing cooly. This images make the youths thought that smoking is actually cool, making them interest of smoking. Other than advertisements, there are friends who actually keep shoving cigarettes to their friends mouth forcing them to smoke. This cause them to be addicted to smoking since there are effects of smoking that the smokers love feeling it. Other causes than influenced by friends is the ingredients inside the cigarette. A cigarette contains nicotine, which is the most harmful substance contained in cigarettes. Nicotine make the smoke r addicted to it since it reduces tension in our mind since it and making us

Background and Structure on the United Nations Free Essays

Student Handout Background on the United Nations Basic Facts of the United Nations The United Nations was founded in 1945 with the mission to maintain world peace, develop good relations between countries, promote cooperation in solving the world’s problems, and encourage a respect for human rights. It provides the nations of the world a forum to balance their national interests with the interests of the global whole. We will write a custom essay sample on Background and Structure on the United Nations or any similar topic only for you Order Now It operates on the voluntary cooperation and participation of its member nations. Nothing can be accomplished without their agreement and participation. Currently, there are 191 member countries with different social, political, and economic systems. These countries agree to peacefully settle disputes, refrain from threatening or using force against each other, and refuse to help other nations that oppose the U. N. ’s mission. Headquartered in New York City, the U. N. is a separate and independent entity with its own flag, post office and postage stamps, and its buildings sit on international territory. Six official languages are used at the U. N. – Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. Creation of the United Nations The creation of the U. N. resulted from a long history to promote international cooperation. Nineteenth century European philosophers and statesmen like Immanuel Kant had proposed a federation of nations dedicated to protecting the rights of smaller countries caught up in struggles between larger ones. The federation would punish any nation that committed an act of aggression against another. This idea became a reality after World War I with the establishment of the League of Nations. The League was the brain-child of U. S. President Woodrow Wilson and some of the victorious European powers. During its operation from 1920 and 1946 it enjoyed a few notable successes but ultimately faltered when it couldn’t prevent World War II. It suffered from two major flaws: 1) several of the world’s most powerful and influential countries were not members, including the Untied States; 2) The League required unanimous agreement to oppose aggression. If any member disagreed, the League was powerless to act. Thus, when Germany, Italy, and Japan took military action against fellow members of the League in the late 1930s, they would not agree to take action against themselves to stop their aggression. In the end, the League failed in is primary mission to prevent another world war. While fighting the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II, United States President, Franklin Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin met several times between 1941 and 1945 to develop an international peacekeeping organization with the goal of preventing future wars on the scale of World War II. In April of 1945, even before the war was officially over, representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco to create the charter for the United Nations. Similar to the League of Nations, the U. N. was created to promote international peace and prevent another world war. To avoid the structural failures of the League, the U. N. founders gathered the support of the world’s most powerful nations. U. S. participation was secured when the U. N. headquarters were located in New York City. To provide enough power to impose and enforce its will, a security council was developed with authority to take action against aggressor nations. To reassure powerful nations that their sovereignty would not be threatened, the U. N provided veto authority over its actions. The five victors of World War II – the U. S. Britain, France, the Soviet Union (which Russia gained at the break up of the U. S. S. S. ) and China – received this veto power. A veto provides any one of the five permanent Security Council members the authority to reject any U. N. resolution. The Structure and operation of the United Nations Accomplishments of the United Nations: During its 60-year history, the U. N. has achieved many remarkable accomplishments in fulfilling it goals. The U. N. has peacefully negotiated 172 peace settlements that have ended regional conflicts and is credited with participation in over 300 international treaties on topics as varied as human rights conventions to agreements on the use of outer space and the oceans. The U. N. has been involved in every major war and international crisis since its inception and has served as a catalyst for the prevention of others. It authorized the international coalitions that fought in the Korean War (1950-53) and the Persian Gulf War (1991). It provided a forum for mediation in the ArabIsraeli conflict resulting in numerous peace accords and keeping the conflict localized to the Middle East. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, the U. N. was used as a podium by the United States to challenge the Soviet Union’s placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba. The embarrassment of public indictment was instrumental in forcing the Soviets to remove the missiles. U. N. military forces (provided by member states) have conducted over 35 peacekeeping missions providing security and reducing armed conflict. In 1988, the U. N. Peace-Keeping Forces received the Nobel Prize for Peace. The U. N. has also set up war crimes tribunals to try war criminals in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The U. N. has also made great strides in raising the consciousness of human rights beginning with the â€Å"Universal Declaration of Human Rights† adopted by the General Assembly in 1948. The U. N. Commission on Human Rights through its investigations and technical assistance in promoting free and fair elections has helped many countries in the transition to democracy. The U. N. s intense attention to specific human rights abuses helped end apartheid in South Africa. In its humanitarian efforts, more than 30 million refugees fleeing war, persecution, or famine have received aid from the U. N. High Commissioner for Refugees. The International Court of Justice has helped settle numerous international disputes involving territorial issues, hostage-taking and economic rights. Since the end of the Cold W ar, the U. N. has become increasingly involved in providing humanitarian assistance and promoting improvements in the health of the world’s peoples. In addition to providing relief for humanitarian crises caused by international conflicts, the U. N. can also respond to emergencies caused by natural disasters such as floods and hurricanes. On a proactive level, the World Health Organization (WHO) and other U. N. affiliated groups have eliminated smallpox and are actively pursuing a battle against AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria around the world. The WHO played a significant role in diagnosing and containing the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003. U. N. rograms, like the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) have saved and enriched the lives of the world’s children through immunization programs for polio, tetanus, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria and tuberculosis. The lives of over 3 million children a year have been saved. The U. N. operates under the principle that promoting economic and social development will help bring about lasting world peace. The United Nations Development Program provides economic assistance through expert advice, training, and limited equipment to developing countries. The U. N. Development Program coordinates all the U. N. efforts in developing nations and has had success in part because it is not perceived as an outside group threatening a developing countries’ authority or degenerating it to colonial rule. In addition to promoting workers rights and the right to organize and bargain for better pay and working conditions, the U. N. has also played a significant role in improving agricultural techniques and increasing crop yields in Asia, Africa and South America. The U. N. has also helped developing nations obtain funding projects through the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, also known as the World Bank. A related U. N. agency, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) promotes international cooperation on monetary issues and encourages stable exchange rates among nations. Sources: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations Encarta Encyclopedia: http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761564986/United_Nations. html How to cite Background and Structure on the United Nations, Essay examples

A Search For Identity The Bluest Eyes free essay sample

A Search For Identity ( The Bluest Eyes ) Essay, Research Paper A Search For A Self Finding a self-identity is frequently a mark of maturating and turning up. This becomes the chief issue in Toni Morrison s novel The Bluest Eyes. Pecola Breedlove, Cholly Breedlove, and Pauline Breedlove are such characters that search for their individuality through others that has influenced them and by the life styles that they have. First, Pecola Breedlove struggles to acquire accepted into society due to the beauty factor that the norm has. Cholly Breedlove, her male parent, is a rummy who has jobs that he takes out of Pecola sexually and Pauline physically. Pauline is Cholly s married woman that is neer at that place for her girls. Pacola is a small black miss has a difficult clip happening herself. Brought up as a hapless unwanted miss, she desires the credence and love of society. We will write a custom essay sample on A Search For Identity The Bluest Eyes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The universe has led her to believe that she is ugly and that the prototype of # 8220 ; beautiful # 8221 ; requires bluish eyes. Every dark before she goes to kip, she prays that may she wake up with bluish eyes. The image of # 8220 ; Shirley Temple beauty # 8221 ; surrounds her. In her head, if she were to be beautiful, people would eventually love and accept her. This thought of beauty has been imprinted on Pecola her whole full life. Many people have inscribed this impression into her. Her schoolmates besides have an consequence on her. They seem to believe that because she is non beautiful ; she is non deserving anything except as the focal point of their jeer. As if it were non bad plenty being ridiculed by kids her ain age, grownups besides had to mock her. Mr. Yacowbski as a symbol for the remainder of society # 8217 ; s norm, treats her as if she were unseeable. Geraldine, a coloured adult female, who refused to digest # 8220 ; niggas # 8221 ; , happened to walk in wh ile Pecola was in her house. By holding an grownup point out to her that she truly was a # 8220 ; nasty # 8221 ; small miss, it seems all the more true. At place she was put through the same thing, if non worse because her household members were the 1s who were supposed to love her. It was obvious to Pecola that her female parent preferred the small white miss of the household that she worked for over her. One twenty-four hours as Pecola was sing her female parent at the place where she is working, Pecola by chance knocked over a blueberry pie. Obviously burned by the hot pastry, her female parent wholly ignored Pecola # 8217 ; s feelings of hurting and alternatively tended to the comforting of her white # 8220 ; girl # 8221 ; . For a small miss, the love of her female parent is the most of import love she can have. Without that, how can she believe that she is deserving anything at all? Finally the colza by her male parent is the last grounds Pecola needs to believe wholly tha t she is an ugly unlovable miss. While in most instances a male parent figure is one who small misss look to for counsel and blessing, Cholly is the exact antonym. He hurts Pecola in a physical manner that in one effort measures up to the old ages of hurtful jeer. After this event, Pecola went insane, everlastingly halting her from happening what she truly is. Cholly Breedlove the male parent of Pecola is an alcoholic asshole. He was born to an unwed female parent that abandoned him three yearss after his birth ; and his male parent ran off one time he was born. This finally is the chief cause why he had acted like he acted towards his household and particularly towards Pecola. After his legal defender, hello s aunt, dies, Cholly decided that as an interior mission he needs to happen his male parent to happen himself. This long hunt ends in an highly dissatisfactory – crushing- experience. As Cholly tries to explicate his individuality to his male parent, his ( father’s ) face alterations as he begins to understand, avoiding the fact that he is Cholly s biological male parent. This highly awkward brush with his male parent scars him for life. His lone image of a male parent figure is one who brings hurting. Another cause of his eventual ruin was the manner the community perceived him. They treated him disrespectfully, talked about him behind his dorsum, and made a jeer of his name. After Cholly attempts to fire his ain house down, he earns a repute as being a villain. With that in head he could travel nowhere but down. His conclusiveness occurs at the same time with the colza of Pecola. He had non imagined that he had did this to this really ain girl. His hunt for himself en ded in devastation. Pauline Breedlove, married woman of Cholly, female parent of Pecola, is a retainer in a white family. The times she was at that place working for this household without any reminder of her ain failures were the lone times that she felt genuinely happy. It was at that place and merely there that she eventually felt as if she were portion of something successful. In Pauline # 8217 ; s hunt for her individuality and finally her felicity, she learned precisely what she would hold to give so that she could be content, every bit good as the difference between herself and the remainder of society. Movies helped her the blunt difference between her and other adult females. As Pauline learned what physical beauty was, she besides learned for what it stood. In that clip physical beauty was the ideal of Shirley Temple beauty, the equation of blond hair and bluish eyes. It signified equality, felicity, worthiness, and overall comfort. If you were a white adult female with those qualities popula ting in northern America you were traveling to be happy. She rapidly learned that when she was in the company of her white household, who were equal, happy, and worthy in the eyes of society, it rubbed off on her and she felt as if she was portion of all these positive virtuousnesss. The more clip she spent with her ain black household, the more clip she realized how ugly, hapless, and unworthy they were. In coming upon this realisation, Pauline has a determination to do. She could hold stuck with her biological household, continued to be unsated but be accepted as an equal, or she could wholly give up on her ain household and give all her clip, energy, and love on her white charges. However she fails to recognize that by perpetrating herself to a servant # 8217 ; s life that # 8217 ; s all she will of all time amount to be # 8211 ; a black retainer in a white universe. Pecola # 8217 ; s hunt for individuality was defined by her everlasting desire to be loved. Her intent in life was to be beautiful and as a consequence of that to be loved. Her household and community made it impossible for her to of all time be sensibly content. Cholly # 8217 ; s household ( or miss thereof ) and his community as a male child finally influenced the manner he was as a adult male. Their effects on him molded his personality and as a consequence influenced his individuality. Pauline s confusion whether to love her household or the white household that she works for leads her to non caring that much at all. She realizes that whoever she ends up populating with will non alter who she truly is.

Organizational Development Needs - Description And Justification

Question: Describe about the Organizational Development Needs? Answer: Introduction Learning is a process for achieving all the business objectives that are ideal and essential for accomplishing the desired organizational performance. Learning minimizes the gaps between the Organizations current abilities and their ability to deliver from the business results. It is an advantageous process as well as even the individual will tend to benefit from it by and large where the knowledge will enhance their skills and will also add to their personal competencies to develop their full potential (Boydell T and Leary M, 2003). We have chosen a Training Organization called E-Module with its core business into Training and developing Training Solutions for E-Learning. It has total capacity of 55 employees who have been divided into various departments of Sales, R D, Training and Service. In this report context, the departments are referred to discuss the overall strength of the chosen organization. Moreover, in this dynamic world, the students feel tedious with long lectures and boring assignments (McGregor, 1960). Therefore, this particular organization deploys online learning and knowledge sharing strategy through interactive presentation or other attractive manners. Organizational Learning Needs: Description and Justification of Methods Most of the Organizations have made bigger investments in terms of establishing learning needs with the best possible returns on their investment. In this case, the best investments are made on the organizations ultimate assets who are its employees and customers. In E-Module organization, the learning needs are catered by organizing the trainings in a planned way. Learning practices are more different in E-Module organization to the others because of the types of involved business. In addition, the amount of time an Organization spends on training its employees is always termed to be its return on investment. The training and development that E-Module needs to achieve are based on their specific goals and objectives that it might have organized and prioritised effectively. Apart from this, E-Module should also realise the identification and development of skills, knowledge and abilities that are required in a robust and an effective way (CIPD, 2015). In this article, the researcher would analyse some of the methods that are used in identifying the learning needs with critical implementation process. Some of these methods would be standard methods that might have been customised for meeting the specific needs of the Organizations. Requirements of developing learning and organisational effectiveness Implementing a structural analysis for developing the learning and development process is a critical process as it helps identify the core critical processes that require the Management intervention in developing additional processes to enhance the skills of the employees to meet certain specific needs of the processes and to achieve the Organizational Objectives (McGregor, D 1960). All the learning needs and the need analysis should be a continual process for all the Organizations. The target audience for Training would be employees of various companies of different business spectrums as there would be a requirement for all departments and functions to motivate their employees to develop their skills depending on the department they are in or the functional process they belong. The present model of developing the E Modules for various Clients is dependent on the need basis of the Customers. E Modules should adapt and implement a new model of Training development and delivery based on the changing needs of the Global Market and emphasising on the requirement of the need to change (Tan, 2011). The examples of two learning needs are as follows. The learning need assessment tools can be (1) confidence and competence rating scales and (2) professional conversation. The organizational effectiveness and development is dependent on these assessment tools for verifying learning needs. The needs assessment would clearly give a new model of development for all the trainings it would conduct in the Organization (Argyris, 1978). It is critical for the Company to address these issues as it is essential for the brands to change and incorporate any new models in the Training Industry in order to work towards achieving the Organizational objectives which in turn will also ensure the overall employee growth perspectives (Adair, 1983). The employees join an Organization with a specific skill set and with a certain level of understanding of the Organizational objectives. There is a strong competition in the business sectors at the global front making it more obvious for the Organizations to compete with each other. The comparison is to maintain their standards and to look out for opportunities where they can be engaged in additional awareness activities conce rned to learning and business. The new trends that are introduced in any of the Organizations as a part of Training or as a part of Employee Skill enhancement will incur certain costs and it will have the subsequent advantage in letting the employees perform in alignment with the Organizational objectives (Baltes, 1999). This will provide the Company its desired growth and it will allow the employees to engage in all the related activities to improvise on the diversity of the learning environment with respect to different areas. The learning need analysis at every stage should also include all the diverse learning and monitoring activities that can influence the present system of learning and training delivery in the respective organizations (CIPD, 2015). Ensuring that these activities are a part of the learning and development scope would help the activities streamline and would in turn help in letting the newer learning activities emerge in an effective way. Review of Theory and Good Practice There are various effective learning theories with maximising the proposed learning interventions. The learning assessment tools are referred here are confidence and competence rating scales and professional conversation. Now the confidence and competencies rating process is crucial with respect to the some relevant theories. The theories may be effective learning principles, learning style, timing, motivation methods, adult learning and obstacles for learning. However, before these theories the researcher would place focus over some thinking points (CIPD, 2015). The thinking points will be current activities consideration for assessment of the learning needs, main reasons of learning module selection, the improvement aspects of teaching process. Current activities of E-Module will need to help the students or learners to understand the module clearly and as well as ensuring profound learning experiences (Harrison, 2011). In case of adult learning, E-module has to change some of the modules content to balance their learning with their age and experience (Knowles, 1973). To overcome the age barrier and relevance for learning, E-module will have to insist the learners for effective time managed environment. The learners are provided with familiar persons for effective learning process (Beevers and Rea, 2013). For individual learning, the E-module will have to consider the key learning factors as the attitude, maturity, interest and styles. They have to analyze the learning variable as well as the learning interest from the learners side. Therefore, these issues will be improved in terms of a Community of Practice. The Community of Practice will analyze the issues and then will recommend the best practices fit for E-module and t he Learning Need selection process. Organizational needs: Approach and methods In order to develop the organizational learning and development needs the learning needs itself can be classified into three categories like: Classifying the Organizational needs based on the results of the requirements of the technological development needs and major restructuring Group analysis which is conducted based on the change requirements or any new specifications which are given (CIPD, 2015) The individual needs of the employees are also considered because of the in effective performance of the individuals as such requirements are essential for the promotions, job transfers, skill enhancements and for acquiring any new skills through additional learning. In the initial stages, the learning and development starts at each of the individual processes. The processes may be the legislation needs; the organizational needs, job or the functional needs and the team or individual needs are all collected and pooled into the diverse data. From the collected diverse data the analysis of data is done, the requirement for any further needs is identified, and the gaps to be fulfilled are identified (Boydell T and Leary M 2003). From the requirements which are collected the classification of the learning needs and the non learning needs is also done. Based on the classification the prioritisation of the needs is done which is done based on the business goals and finally based on these inputs the learning and development plan is prepared (Berger and Fitzgerald, 2002). In cases of non learning needs the recommendations for the development of the business improvements is done. For further clarity and simplicity on all these terms, a detailed learning analysis is done for a large no. of roles and jobs (CIPD, 2015). Even while preparing this there are three major elements for learning need and analysis like: The abilities which are required to conduct an analysis Needs of the stakeholder groups Scale and scope of the analysis Identification of LD Needs Methods (examples) Advantages/ disadvantages Most useful in Suitability for target audience Evaluation of the suitability (or not) Skills matrices The proper assessment of students skills but the relevant competencies may be overlooked Training and class activities Huge numbers of students and their capability and knowledge can be assessed This method is suitable in smaller group of learners rather than larger groups Observation The observation process is slow yet expertises will have to handle this process carefully Classes and one-to-one session Small number of students learning ability can be improved. This method is slow and for huge batch of learners, the process is not effective. Performance data Performance data is effective for assessing the learning outcomes Examination results The students can view their progress or learning issues in this method This method is useful for evaluate the students ultimate progress or deficit in learning Interviews It is effective for identifying students strength and weakness as well as their issues related with learning One-to-one interview session Each student will need to be interviewed individually The evaluation process is suitable for assessing each person individually Designing learning interventions Possible Learning Interventions Methods and techniques are used for these learning interventions Suitability for your target audience Evaluation of acceptance or rejection Coaching Small group instruction, demonstration and discussion, feedback, questioning Fewer people with more number of groups, with their experience and compatibility value The coaching process is more systematic for huge number of learners however; individual assessment is not possible here. Classroom based Presentation, question and answer, exercises, role play activities Huge or smaller number of people can be maintained in this learning intervention. The classroom based learning is best for making individual assessment. E-learning Interactive process with understanding and application, sessions for induced cognitive learning Huge number of people without any age restriction E-learning process is effective and compatible with advanced and yet beginner learning scheme. Action learning The action learning process is managed with question answer session with online or offline. Huge number of people can be assessed along with individual. Target audience and their separate assessment are possible. Evaluation of your Learning Interventions Evaluation model Most useful model for Suitability with proposed learning interventions Kirkpatrick Training purposes and behaviour tracking process The online learning process is not effective with this model RAM This learning process is in reasoning and attentive measures This model is suitable with reasoning and attention gathering of the students CIRO This learning model is useful for classroom and coaching learning This model is suitable with coaching and classrooms, however, online assessment is not possible. Conclusion After all these discussion and analysis, the researchers have come to an opinion that the online learning process is useful. The learning intervention is easy with RAM learning model, however; the model is dependent over online sessions and the learning urge from the users side. The users will require being motivated from the online learning organization side. The users will then attend the interactive session for their age level, may be beginner, intermediate, advanced or experienced. The users can view the course content for better follow-up of subject along with their individual responses. References Beevers, K., and Rea, A. (2013).Learning and Development Practice. Chartered institute of personnel development. Knowles, M. (1973). The adult learner: a neglected species. Harrison, R. (2011). Learning and development.Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal,26(1). Boydell T and Leary M, (2003), Identifying Training Needs, London : CIPD CIPD, (2015). Helping People Learn - Case Studies, [online] Available at: www.cipd.uk/helping peoplelearn/casestudies.htm [Accessed on Oct 28th 2015] CIPD, (2015). A Learning Strategy for the Inland Revenue, [online] Available at: www.cipd.uk/helpingpeoplelearn/_Is.htm#lsir [Accessed on Oct 28th 2015] CIPD, (2015). Using Technology Enablers to Develop Individual Responsibility for Learning : The Scottish Fire and Rescue Services, [online] Available at: www.cipd.uk/helpingpeoplelearn/_cc.htm#sfr [Accessed on Oct 28th 2015] McGregor, D.,(1960). The Human side of enterprise. New York: McGraw-Hill. Tan, L., (2011), Self Directed Learning with ICT: Theory, Practice and Assessment Adair, J., (1983), Effective Leadership, London: Pan Books Argyris, C., (1978), Organizational learning. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Baltes, P. B., (1999). Lifespan psychology: Theory and application to intellectual functioning.Annual Review of Psychology,50, 471507 Berger, J. G., and Fitzgerald, C. (2002), Leadership and complexity of mind: The role of executive coaching, Executive coaching: Practices and perspectives(pp. 2758). Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black

Americas involment in the Holocaust

Americas involment in the Holocaust Free Online Research Papers When the war broke out in 1930. The world couldn’t know what was really happening in Germany or what Adolf Hitler had in store for any jew, gypsy, homosexual and any other individual that got in the way of his master plan. America during the Holocaust was considered one of the most powerful nations in the world. Economically, politically and socially. There are many reasons why America wasn’t much involved during the holocaust. United States president Franklin D. Roosevelt hurried after the holocaust broke out in Europe and gathered his cabinet and military advisors together, there ut was agreed that the U.S. would stay neutral. One reason because the United States weren’t directly threatened and they had no reason to be involved. This reason was a valid one because it was the American policy to stay neutral in any affair not having anything to do with them unless American soil was threatened directly. Some jews escape from the tragic thing happening and made it to America. As Jews in Germany faced the violence and discrimination that was brought on by Hitler’s government. Some American Jewish leaders urged with the U.S. State Department to change their standards regards to German Jews immigration. In 1936 U.S. immigration officials did change their considerations to include the levels of a German jews educat ion, job skills, and if they had American relatives. In only one year with the new policy the immigration had doubled in the amount of visas they granted to the German Jews. After so many Jews were allowed in the U.S. the Americans were getting upset because there was little job opportunities for them. So the State Department started many up excuses why their visas were denied and immigration became so restricted . During the Holocaust Anti-Semitism was a reason why the U.S. didn’t enter the war zone in the beginning. Anti-Semitism was a factor that limited American Jewish actions during the war time and put American Jews in a difficult position. In the late 1930s the levels of anti-Semitism was high and continued to rise into the 1940s. there was another type of Anti-Semitism during this time called passive Anti-Semitism. While many Americans wouldn’t physically harm a jew they had negative internal feelings towards them. Jews have been continuously looked down on and been used as scapegoats. Research Papers on America's involment in the HolocaustThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 219 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is Art

Conflict of Northern Ireland essays

Conflict of Northern Ireland essays Violence and terrorism took 3636 lives and injured 36,000 people between 1966 and 1999 as the conflict of Northern Ireland spread beyond its borders and into England and elsewhere (Sussman, CNN). The persistent troubles in this region stem from religious and political differences between Irish Catholics and immigrant Protestants. The decades of protest and bloodshed have been stalled as an uneasy ceasefire has been maintained. Insight to the conflict in Northern Ireland can be approached through the historical and geographical background, analysis and actions of each position, and a discussion of the peace process and potential solutions. Northern Ireland, a province of the United Kingdom, occupies the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland. It is bounded by the Republic of Ireland, the Irish Sea, the North Channel and the Atlantic Ocean. It is inhabited by approximately 1.6 million Irish Catholics and Protestant immigrants of England and Scotland, according to a 1998 census (Britannica). Catholic Ireland had been under English rule from the 12th century to 1920. Significant events that shaped the history of Ireland include the Plantation of 1609 in which the Gaelic province of Ulster (area now known as N. Ireland) fell to Protestant culture, and the Battle of the Boyne in 1690. This battle was fought between two kings, James II and William of Orange, both of whom laid claim to the British throne. James was an Irish Catholic who controlled much or Ireland. William of Orange was a Dutch Protestant who claimed the throne of Great Britain in 1689. William defeated James II in Ireland and took control of the Ireland and the throne. Laws were quickly enacted by the all-Protestant Parliament which cut off wealth and education to Catholics by barring them from such things as holding office positions, owning land and schooling. The Act of Union in 1801 created the United Kingdom which officially united Great Britain ...

Management accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Management accounting - Assignment Example Before I begin discussing this statement, I would like to make my stand known. I disagree with this statement and I welcome the opportunity to argue and defend my case; this disagreement will form the bedrock of my whole discussion. Based on research and my professional experience, modern developments like activity-based costing (ABC) have brought significant benefits and advantages to businesses and organizations everywhere regardless of the size (small, medium-sized and large). These developments have allowed businesses and organizations to implement more efficient systems that guarantee long-term growth provided the implementation process is done correctly and professionally (Cotton 2001, pg. 29). ABC, for example, is a recent modern development/innovation that has been rapidly adopted by organizations in many industries. Governments and NGOs have also been quick to adopt and implement ABC and to make it a core component of their management policies. This shows that there must be something beneficial about these modern developments and ABC in particular, their fanciness is inconsequential to their primary functions. It is important to note that the adoption of such developments/innovations is not done in a wholesale manner because they come with their own disadvantages that must be addressed (Lucas 2006, pg. 39). However, overall, such developments are more beneficial and therefore rightfully warrant adoption and adoption. Let us go back to ABC. This is a technique employed in determining correct costs. It is used to assign resource costs (based on activities that are conducted) to cost objects like customers products, or services. The basis for the ABC approach to costing is that an organization’s products or services stem from activities. Activities consume resources which in turn incur costs. In ABC, the costs of resources are normally assigned to activities on the basis of

Why are there many translations of the bible is an advantage and Essay

Why are there many translations of the bible is an advantage and disadvantage - Essay Example glish has been the dominant language for centuries and the translating group (publishers and Bible scholars among others) use different methods to produce various versions that enhance peoples’ comprehension of the teachings. Critics point on the faithfulness of the Bible translations arguing that it contains distorted meanings and words of God. There is the dynamic equivalence method which lays emphasis on the original meaning, formal equivalence on word by word (Wallace 23). However, rather than focusing on the grammatical content in translations, the problem arises in trying to ensure the symbolic language used in the original material of translation makes sense upon paraphrasing and conversions. The benchmark is to ensure that though languages may change, the word of God still remains unchanged. The Greek New Testament has been criticized for its textual underpinnings that demonstrated a departure from the received Greek text. When Westcott Foss and Fenton John Anthony published the Greek New Testament, they considered the available ancient manuscripts that have been discovered to have missed certain passages (â€Å"Why so,† Bible.org). Many Biblical translators have failed to credit the works of these men, despite the fact that they laid a pillar in Biblical translation works. Their work has been claimed to be glorious, but surrounded by controversy on their contradiction from the original sources. Westcott and Anthony used two sources of the manuscripts that came from codex sinaiticus and vaticanus, believed to be false copies of the New Testament. Critiques hold that they entail the fifty falsified manuscripts deliberately corrupted by Eusebius to fulfil the order of neo-pagan emperor Constantine; the two manuscripts not only contradict each other numerously, but 99 per cent disagree with other Koine Greek manuscripts (â€Å"A concordance,† archive.org). Studying the version, there is rising doubt from the contradictions and posing inaccuracies that exist,

Hospitality And Tourism Marketing Strategies Marketing Essay

Hospitality And Tourism Marketing Strategies Marketing Essay 1.0 Introduction: Tourism and hospitality industry has become one of the largest industries in modern and competitive business world. It is a common remedy for development and the world travel and tourism industry supported 234 million jobs (8.7% of total world employment) and contributed 10.3% of world gross domestic product in 2006 (Opening up Trade in Services :Key for Tourism Growth, 2008) . The tourism and hospitality industry has been as a helpful force for world peace; the benefits of mixing together different types of people and different cultures. The travel industry has contributed to the accomplishment of millennium development goals especially in the third world countries. Despite a huge expansion in the travel industry fuelled by opportunities created by the internet and emerging markets consistent profitability for many airlines and travel-related firms remains elusive due to terrorism, recession, the SARS virus, strikes, and the Icelandic ash cloud: the list piles up. Before people tr avel for survival or to better themselves but, now people travel for entertainment, business purpose and amusement. Airship or air-ways business have become easier, faster and cheaper to travel around the globe and the airline industry such as Ryan air plays an important role in the tourism sector. 1.1 Over view of Ryanair airline: Ryanair is an Irish low-cost, first and largest low fares airlines in Europe. From Ryanair case study analysis (february19, 2008) it is shown that Ryanair head office situated at Dublin Airport, Ireland, and has based in London Stansted Airport (the third-busiest airport in the United Kingdom). The late Dr. Tony Ryan and his family have established Ryanair in 1985 with just 25 staff. In July 1985 they had launched their first route from Waterford and London Gatwick which is operated by a 15-seat Bandeirante twin-turboprop according to About Us (1985) www.ryanair.com. To defy the oligopoly market between British Airways (BA) and Aer lingus in Dublin-London route, the newly stabilised Ryanair obtains permission from the regulatory authorities. According to Ryanair website,( About Us ,1986 www.ryanair.com), Comparing the price of the BA and Aer Lingus lowest return fare of  £209,Ryanair launched the first Dublin-London Luton flight in May 1986 for only  £99.So in response to stay in the market those rivals cut down their high fares. Inspite of having three conjugative years growth in aircraft, routes and competitive price, they face a massive loss of  £20m which made the company to follow the model of Southeast Airlines leads a change of its management and structure according to Ryanair website(About Us, History of Ryanair, 1990, www.ryanair.com) .For getting a competitive position in Airline industry, The Ryan family put in an additional  £20m in the company and change their management which is a copy of Southwest Airlines low fares model(A bout Us,1990 www.ryanair.com). Thus they are going to begin their innovative management which generally based on low cost with low fare and starting first low fare business in European airlines sector. Now Ryanair offers lowest fares but high frequency flights, moving in to a single aircraft fleet type. It reduces its Dublin-London Luton flight fares from  £99 to just  £59 return by cutting down free drinks and meals on board. The Easter weekend seat sale fares of  £59 return that launched in 1990 was overcoming customers or passengers demand. A vast of people wanted to get this demanding Easter weekend seat and It was such demanding that in Dawson street there was more than halfway traveller s line for three days to get that bargain (About Us, www.ryanair.com). After taking the Southwest airlines low fare model and establishing cost reduction in their strategy Ryanair is rapidly growing in airline market. Their revenue is increasing rapidly which is shown in their annual report. According to annual report of Ryanair (2003), Revenues have risen increasingly and in 2002 revenue was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 624.1million.After one year it was increasingly from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 624 (2002) to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬842.5 million (2003) and over the same time, net profits had increased from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 150.4 million (35%) to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬239.4 million (59%). Thus Ryanair increasing their business rapidly and get the huge amount of profit. Now Rianair is distinctive from their competitor .Currently introducing a fantastic team which consist more than 8000 people and it operates a massive number of 51,100 flights per year which is more than 1400 flights per day (About Us, History of Ryanair, www.ryanair.com). By operating a fleet of 250 new aircraft which includes short to medium range, single aisle, narrow body jet airliner 737-800, Ryanair becomes the worlds best budget airline (www.ryanair.com). Providing more than 1100 low fare routes from 44 bases across 27 countries, Ryanair connects 160 destinations. According to Ryanair website (www.ryanair.com), Within next 02 years before taking account of planned disposals, Rainair want to introduce 64 new aircraft in their fleet and currently it carries 73.5 million passengers (approx) which is almost 15% {(73.5/63.5100}higher than the last year (63.5m). Safety is a most important priority for the management of Ryanair. Their commitment to deliver great safeties for their pa ssenger and this obligation begins with instructing or training of Ryanairs pilot, cabin crews and maintenance human resources and includes a policy of maintaining its aircraft in accordance with the highest European Airline Industry Standards. 2.0 Marketing Concept: Marketing is a process which helps to find out what consumers want, and then provide it for them. It is a system of business activities which is designed to plan, price, promote and distribute services to target markets, in order to achieve organization objectives. Baker (1992,p.20) pointed that marketing is concerned with the establishment of mutually satisfying exchange relationships in which the judgements as to what is satisfying depend upon the perception of the parties to the exchange. Basically, it involves creating the right product with right price and then putting it in the right place with the right promotion; everything is done for making customers or target market happy. Marketing is identifying the target market and satisfying customers now and in the future. In most organizations, an analytical function, strategic direction and facilitates are tactically set to attract customers. Marketing strategy is important for every business. An effective marketing strategy can help a business to get more profit and also getting high position in competitive business market. Marketing strategy can be the life or death of a business. Having a wrong strategy, business will go down. Beginning an effective strategy is the key of success for business. Marketing strategy is the way and compass of an organisation over the long turn. Effective marketing strategy can bring advantages for the organisation. For creating effective strategy company always organized and proper utilized companies resources within a tough and challenging environment, to assemble whatever market needs, to fulfil what customer wants and also fulfil whatever stake holder expect. Successful strategy always examine the present situation and then set up plan which help to deal with all operational aspects needed to realize the achievement of organisational goal as argued by Jain (2000). Its a plan of action that summarizes what will be done to reach the stated objective. Jain (2000) identified the significant characteristic of strategic marketing as putting emphasis on long-term implications and monitoring the business environment, taking into consideration the corporate culture, business resources and the corporate stakeholders and varying roles for different pro ducts or markets. Marketing Strategy deals with the proper selection of marketing opportunities to pursue, examining and analysing target market and creating a right marketing mix that will satisfy customers in the target market. It basically deals with four essential elements which include sale or promotion, product, place and pricing. 2.1 Marketing strategy of Ryanair: Marketing Strategy is the most important business element for an organisation. It helps an organisation to identify organisations target goal and explain how organisation will achieve the target goal within a stated time frame. Generally all organisations have strategies that would maintain or enhance their competitive benefit in the market, and Ryan Air is never an exemption. There are different types of marketing strategy which is followed by organization or company to create an effective strategy, such as guerrilla marketing and viral marketing. Guerrilla marketing and viral marketing both are followed by Ryanair. 2.2.1 Guerrilla marketing: Guerrilla marketing is a marketing process hit hard, hit fast, get in, and get out and also a tactic which help to focuses on low cost, and fast-to-market, promotions. Guerrilla marketing is a marketing process of alternative ways of pursuing straight goals and an established technique of achieving profits with least amount money. The main aim of guerrilla marketing is to create a unique, appealing and stimulating idea to create buzz (buzz is used in word of marketing), and subsequently go round viral. Tom Richard (2005) pointed that with guerrilla marketing business can be able to increase the amount of traffic which comes from their business without spending a huge amount of money. 2.2.1.1Guerrilla marketing of Ryanair: In Ryanair marketing strategy, they follow guerrilla marketing technique which is unquestionably winning in realistic applications, are still new, fresh and not as clearly explored academically as other marketing technique. Strategy of Ryanair based on cost reduction strategy, minimum standard of service, short haul flight, very low prices and no frills, point to point frequency, all these are designed to achieve their goal and having a competitive position within the airline market. Here I discuss some guerrilla marketing techniques of Ryanair. Cost reduction strategy of Ryanair: Low fares and no frills are the key elements of Ryanairs marketing strategy. Low fares are offered by Ryanair to get large amount of passenger traffic while maintaining a continuous focus on cost-containment and operating efficiencies. Strategy of Ryanair is based on cost leadership strategy, in this strategy management manage and do all value adding activities with the lowest manufacturer of product in business and attract customer with their lowest price. Cost reduction strategy helps them to gain competitive position in airline market. Lowest price help them to get many customers. Their assured aim is to divide into constituent parts of air travel and cut costs in every possible area which help them to offer lowest fare to their passenger than other competitor airlines. A particular part of passengers are targeted by Ryanair and they are just absorbed all their energy on that. Their target customers are the ones who are not capable to travel on a main or highest fare airline. Ryan air has established a relationship with consumers by using low cost product which helps them to sell additional higher-margin products and services that develop the consumers interface with the low-cost product or service. Ryanairs strategy, achieve competitive advantage through cost leadership and differentiation across broad and narrow target market so that superior profits could be generated by charging the market average price while holding costs down and this is consistent with Porters (1985) generic strategies. Being reliable: To deliver the best customer service performance is the strategy of Ryanair. According to the reports of Association of European Airlines (2004) Ryanair has achieved better punctuality than their competitor, less lost bags and smaller amount of cancellations than all of the rest of its peer grouping in Europe. Ryanair achieved all these good will because they are purposeful to carry out their services on powerfully or strongly and operating their services from secondary airports which are not congested. Monthly customer service statistics for September, 2010 was published by Ryanair, substantiate that they deliver Europes No 1 airline customer service to their passengers. For the duration of the month of September 2010, it shows that on time arriving flight of Ryanair is 85% of over 42000, fewer complaint which is 1 complaint per 2,000 passengers and less than 1 missing bag per 3,000 passengers was received. Ryanair are more concern about the safeties for passenger. According to Ryan airs annual report (2009), in their twenty years working history they have not had a single occurrence involving major injury to their passengers or flight crew. Point to point Flight frequency: Ryanair also provides frequent point to point flights on short haul routes and this route allow Ryanair to give frequent service. Ryan air use secondary or regional airports because this Secondary and regional airports are usually not as much of crowded than major airports which helps Ryanair to provide superior rates of on time departures, quicker turnaround times (the time an aircraft expend at a gate loading and Unloading passengers), less terminal delays, more competitive airport entrance and handling expenses according to Association of European Airlines report (2004). Point to point flying allow Ryan air to provide non-stop routes and keep away from the expenses of service for connecting passengers, baggage transfer and transit passenger assistance costs. Faster turnaround time is an important factor for Ryanair to exploit aircraft utilisation. Association of European Airlines published on time performance record of some airlines in their statistics reports and the airlines sta tistics (2004). According to their statistics, for the first six months of 2004 Ryanair arrived within 15 minutes of schedule time which was 92%, on the other hand its main competitors like Lufthansa AG (Lufthansa) 84%, Air France 84%, easy Jet Plc (easy Jet) 82%, British Airways 81% and Alitalia S.P.A. (Alitalia) 80%. Building achievement in the Ireland-U.K. market and increasing service to continental Europe, Ryanair intends to pursue a manageable growth preparation targeting precise markets. Targeting specific market will have opportunities for sustained growth by initiating supplementary routes from the U.K. or Ireland to other locations in continental Europe that are currently served by higher-cost, higher-fare carriers; increasing the frequency of service on its existing routes and this are believed by Ryanair. 2.2.2 Viral marketing of Ryanair: According to Allen.K (2008) viral marketing is a marketing technique that employed the concept of using the social networks of other people so that they can spread and expose their business product and services. Viral marketing strategy is a strategy that encourages individual to pass on a marketing message to others, creating an ever-expanding nexus of internet users spreading the world pointed by Hutchison. T, Macy. A et al (2009). This marketing strategy help organization or company to pass their information by using website, video clips, e-books, brand able software, images or text messages. It also can be word of mouth. Some viral marketing strategy is included here which is followed by Ryanair. Straight marketing technique: Ryanair has been using straight marketing techniques for recruitment and maintenance of customers to widen products and services. Travel agents are not used by Ryan air so that they do not pay agency commissions. Customers book online over the internet which helps the company to save agency fees. According to About Us, History of Ryanair (2000) www.ryanair.com, on January 2000 Ryanair started biggest booking website of Europe which is www.ryanair.com. This largest website helps them to reduce their cost and getting huge amount of booking. After launching the website weekly it was taking over 50,000 booking and this huge number of booking was established within three mounts. This website also allows passengers to get the lowest possible cost hotel rooms, car hire, lowest cost travel insurance as well as cheapest rail services (www.ryanair.com, About Us, History of Ryanair (2000). According to Ryanair website (About Us,2000, www.ryanair.com) the weather report in Skynews gets sponsored by Ryanair, The first airline sponsoring weather news by doing this they reach to millions and thousands of people watching television in their homes and people in hotels all over the European countries. The flexibility of getting Online tickets within the wide time span from 15 days up to 4 hours which is prior to the departure of their scheduled flight. Boarding pass too can be reprinted up to 4 hours before the scheduled flight according to online booking, ryanair.com 2009. Ryanair Magazine: For focusing customer and creating good relation with customer Ryanair publish their monthly magazine. In their monthly magazine, it is generally described directly to the interests and purchasing behaviour of Ryanairs exceptional audience and essentials include charming destination guides, travel tour ideas, property and real estate guides, select hotel reviews, seasonal recreation guides, technology updates and individuality profiles according to www.ryanair.com (advertise with us). Their magazine provide their passenger do not need to pay too much and provide them too get cheapest travel tour, cheapest hotel etc.Ryanair also involve to do some social activities. They are donated all money whatever they raise by selling their charity magazines. Their first charity calendar was published in 2008 which features their cabin crew and it raised à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬75,000 for childrens charity Angels Quest in Ireland (www.ryanair.com). 3.0 Public relation tactics: In every organisation public relation strategy is very important to the success of a business. It helps to communicate with customers all over the world. Public relation (PR) is a relation between company or organization and public which provide a service for the company by serving to provide the public and the media a better thoughtful of how the company works. It helps the company to attain its full potential and provide feedback to the company from the public. This usually takes the form of research regarding what areas the public is most happy and unhappy with. Within the tourism industry, public relation is not solely the work of PR department but also the entire employees. Public relations help an organization to develop its mission and vision and also meet customer or public needs and desires. Most times companies take some tactics to make relation with consumer which help to keep the customer coming back for more time. Ryanair also follow some tactics to create a better relationship with customers. Statistics from Association of European Airline (2004) shows Ryanair topped the list of customer satisfaction. In customer satisfaction figures Ryanair has got the pole position by providing best punctuality, the smallest number of lost bags and the least cancellations .Ryanairs head of communications, Peter (Holiday extras, Ryanair best for customer service,2007) said that the high fare airlines basically cannot contend with Ryanair either on price or on customer service satisfaction. Recently, Ryanair revealed that they have entered into agreements with a number of companies to present advertising space on the seatbacks and overhead baggage storage areas on their planes. 3.1 Relationship marketing of Ryanair: There have been many attempts to define relationship marketing. Berry (1983) pointed that Relationship marketing is attracting, maintaining and in multi service organisation-enhancing customer relationships which help to strengthen the relationship with customer and also transforming indifferent customers into loyal ones. Todays competitive market relationship marketing is important to get more customers. Successful relationship marketing helps business to get loyal customer which is important for business. Ryanair has created relationship marketing with public by providing better service quality such as best punctuality, the least lost bags and least cancelation, creating their own website which provide all information and resent news of Ryanair, publishing their monthly magazine, donating charity and sometime offering special offer. For giving special offer 1st November 2010 Ryanair announce that passengers can book their à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬6 seats for travel and booking their à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬6 seats, passenger can travel on more than 500 European destinations in December and January. If passengers want to get this offer they have to booked these seats until midnight (24:00hrs) Thursday (4th Nov) according to Ryanair news (1st November 2010).This offer announcing by Ryanair to make relationship with thei r customer. For making relationship with public Ryanair donated for charity by selling their calendar. From this calendar they got 100,000 euro and donated this money to Dublins Simon Community which is a charity works with homeless people in Dublin city(About Us,www.ryanair.com). 3.2 Customer loyalty tactics of Ryanair No business exits profitability without customers, which means customers are main element for a business and business would be more profitable when they are loyal. Loyal customer is king buy more, buy longer and tells more people. That customer who doesnt return or doesnt make partnership to the organisation or doesnt spread positive word of mouth has no value to an organisation. If any company or organisation wants to win the market place they must be customer-centered. Creating customer loyalty is important for every company and according to Reichheld (1996) greater customer loyalty brings about superior employee satisfaction and improves returns for shareholders. Richheld (1996) identified that customer loyalty, employee loyalty and investor loyalty are the key for the success of an organisation. That means loyalty is the key element to create relationship with public. Like every company Ryanair wants to encourage its repeat visit. Ryanair needs to drive repeat customer business which will give an extra little help to its loyal customer and at the same time boost its revenue. To maximise the number of repeat customer, Ryanair appointed the well recognised incremental revenue provider for online business-Webloyalty which is revealed from webloyalty news on march 2010 (www.webloyalty.com). Webloyalty has a vast experience in online businesses which work on driving repeat customer business by providing an option, named discount scheme to its online shopper. Customers who are booking online with Ryanair, they will have the option to join shopper discount and rewards. This offer provides passengers the option to join a 30-day free trial of Shoppen und Sparen. It also provide year-round discounts of up to 20 percent at over 400 top online retailers and EUR15 cash back check from Webloyalty for their next Ryanair purchase after joining the program. Martin Child, managing director of Europes Webloyalty (2010) said this model will help Ryanair to reward its repeat customers whilst providing a revenue stream and repeat business to their web pages with minimal effort required by them to implement the programme. Sinead Finn(2009), director of commercial revenue (Ryanair), insisted the passengers of Europes largest low fares airline Ryanair has already save billions each year with the lowest guaranteed fares, now in partnership with Webloyalty across three European markets, even more of our passengers can choose to join membership programs of Webloyalty and save more with ongoing discounts. For keeping to its customer, on Thursday 20 August Ryanair, low fares airlines, has announced details of an amazing flight good deal in Bangor as well as Belfast to commemorate A-level results day (Stakeholder media news August 2009). Europes largest low fares airline Ryanair announced that Ryanair Company will benevolent to give away free of charge flights to A-level students. They give these free amazing flight offers for those students who have gained admission test of those colleges and universities which are situated in their five destinations from George Best Belfast City Airport to East Midlands, Bristol, Liverpool, Glasgow Prestwick and London Stansted,. This amazing offer can get those first students who can come in Major Street Bangor and Belfast at 11.00 am to 14.00 pm next Thursday with their A-level results slip as well as letter of offer to the Ryanair Company. Only these students can win these free flight tickets towards university according to Stakeholder media news ( 2009). From Stakeholder media news (2009) ,Laura McCormack, management member of Ryanair said that University can be costly time for students and their parents, but the special offer of low fare airline, Ryanairs guaranteed means that guardian or parents of students as well as students can fly their house and vacation at the lowest fares. All things are done by them for keeping customer. 4.0 Effectiveness Marketing strategies and Public Relation Tactics of Ryanair: Developing and managing effective marketing strategies are important for company to achieve the broad goal and with effective marketing strategy company can beat with other competitor which helps them to get high position in business market. Effective marketing strategy helps company to satisfy their customer and get the target market. A successful marketing strategy must be tractable. Marketing tactics are essential to create an effective strategy. Marketing tactics are the day-to-day actions that marketers undertake and involve the main marketing decision areas. This tactics help to make relationship with customer. Public relation tactics is the first step for an effective strategy. This marketing strategy helps the company to stand in competitive market and to gain competitive position in the airline market. Effective marketing strategy and public relation tactics is a way which helps company to growing revenue, increasing profits and reducing costs. With providing cost reduction strategy, point to point frequency, punctuality and minimum customer service now Ryanair is getting the largest low fares airlines in Europe. Revenue of Ryanair and increasing number of passenger provide that the strategy and public relation tactics of ryanair is so effective. According to About us, full year result 2010 (www.ryanaor.com), on 1st June 2010 Europes largest low fare airline Ryanair announced their full year Profits, it shows that after tax they get à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬319m profit and last year it was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬105m profit that means it is increasing 204% when most of the competitors of Ryanair such as Bluewings (Ger), Globespan (UK) have announced sufferers or losses because of global recession .It provide that how effective there low cost marketing strategy is! Today customers are so concern about price and Ryanair use these things to attract their customer. Ryanair knows how to make relationship with their customer, what is their customer wanted, what is their expectation. Todays customers are kings for business so that they are always trying to make relationship with their customer by providing on time service .For making relationship with their customer Ryanair launches largest booking website which is www.ryanair.com. According to Ryanair website (About us, 1995, www.ryanair.com)by their effective strategy Ryanair achieve vast quantity of passengers in their Dublin-London route and go beyond some major airlines like British Airways as well as Aer Lingus. In Europe, Dublin-London is the major intercontinental scheduled route than other routes and Irish Airline Ryanair has turn into largest passenger airlines on their all route that is operated by Ryanair to or from Dublin. That means lowest fares, on time and high frequency of Ryanair co ntinues to win success in every market which is operated between Ireland and the UK. Though Ryanair provide minimum services to their customer, their passenger number is increasing day by day because of their cost reduction strategy. According to Ryanair news (4th September 2010),September 2010 their passenger number is 6.84 million and last year it was 6.12 million, it means it is increasing more than 12%. Their biggest growing number of passengers provide that they are doing successful Airlines business in Europe. 5.0 Recommendation and conclusion: Every organization should try to satisfy their customer by providing product and services to achieve their goal. Customer satisfaction is the main intend of the marketing concept. Beyond any doubt, by their effective marketing strategies now Ryanair is the largest low cost airlines in Europe and achieve recognisable brand name. It can be said that their Low cost or no frills marketing strategies helps Ryanair to be able to gain huge amount of passengers. If the company cannot fulfil customer expectations then this company will go down. It can be recommended that their low cost marketing strategy is so effective. It can be said that their low cost strategy is a fundamental reason for them to get high profit. Making relationship with customer is most important to get long term business and customer loyalty is the most powerful for increasing companies advert, rising companys good will and getting more profit. But Ryanair provide minimum service, getting a position in competitive market they should think about that customer is valuable and it is recommended that they should think to increase customer loyalty.It can be said If Ryanair increase their public relatio n, they will get superior success and also can increase their business in competitive business world. Ryanair marketing strategy is based on cost leadership strategy that mean their main marketing concept is to cut their cost in every possible way and attract customer with their lowest fare. As their business is airlines business which depends with oil price, this oil price is increasing day by day. So, if they want to do their business, it is recommended that they should think about their price strategy and increase the price of their fare to stay in business. 6.0 References and Bibliography: 1. Opening up Trade in Services :Key for Tourism Growth(2008)[Online] Available at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/38/11/40191324.pdf 2. Laura Lake,(2010)Content Marketing[online] Available:http://marketing.about.com/od/strategytutorials/a/contentmarketing.htm 3. Baker, M. J. (1992),strategic marketing management, New York; Wiley 4. Jain, S. (2000),Marketing Planining and Strategy,6th edition, Cincinnati: South-Western College Publishing 5. Dibb, S.; Simkin, L.; et al (2006)Marketing Concept and Strategies fifth edtion, New York: Houghton Mifflin 6. Brennan, R., Baines, P.et al a(2003)Contemporary Strategic Marketing New York; Palgrave Macmillan. 7. Marketing teacher.com Ryan Air case study[Online] Available: http://marketingteacher.com/case-study/ryanair-case-study.html 8.Strategy-Ryanair-Strategy Available: http://www.ryanair.com/doc/investor/Strategy.pdf 9.Thinking made easy(2008)Ryanair case study analysis [Online] Available http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2008/02/ryanair-case-st.htmle: 10. Casestudyinc.com (2010)case study on ryanair, the biggest low-cost European airline [Online]Available: http://www.casestudyinc.com/ryanair-low-fares-airline-case-study 11. Ryanair.com (2010) [Online] Available at http://www.ryanair.com/en/news/ryanair-no-1customer-service-stats-august-2010 12. Smith+co (2009) Ryanair-a branded customer experience?[Online] Available at http://www.smithco